Advance pedagogy is the way to enhance teaching and learning performance. Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by diane larsenfreeman office of english language programs materials branch united states department of state. Because you have been a primary school student, you will recognize some of. There is no point in teaching anything if the learners do not learn. Factors to consider in choosing a method by steven. For example, a method demonstration might be the most appropriate way to show a group of farmers how to graft mango. Teaching methods for extension the following are some resources that may help you as you plan your teaching communications. Effective teaching strategies workforce solutions conference june 2324, 2015 catherine rasmussen, extension professor leadership and civic engagement. Extension agents may worry that facilitating a program may lead to learners no longer needing extensions expertise, if the learners feel that the extension agents simply lead them to resources. Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by diane larsenfreeman office of english language programs materials branch united states department of state washington, d. Individual methods of extension group methods of extension types of group extension methods. Extension methods food and agriculture organization. This research project specifically looked at 96 farmers learning preferences and 21 cooperative extension agents and specialists instructional methods. Adam marx depending upon your intended extension direction.
Desirable changes in the knowledge, skill, attitude, understanding, goal, action, and confidence of the people are to be achieved in relation to the topic being taught. Adult learning theory adults bring prior experience and knowledge with them. Class discussion conducted by teacher and what else. Extension is not just service, but service learning is. Extension methods are a special kind of static method, but they are called as if they were instance methods on the extended type.
Extension teaching methods ruforum institutional repository. Individual or facetoface methods are probably the most universally used extension methods in both developed and developing countries. As a model for engaging clients and volunteers and building and strengthening community relationships and connections, service learning may prove to be an effective and malleable set of techniques and tools. Extension methods of teaching guide the learning process so that the farmer learns more and better. Service learning teaching methods connect meaningful community service to academic curricula. The choice of any of the methods available will depend on. This report focusses on extension practices beyond the pacific region, identifying strengths, weaknesses and best practices. Adults have preferences and prejudices that may not be overcome in a.
Agricultural extension is the term used to describe the process by which rural people are persuaded to adopt improved farming methods to improve crop and livestock productivity. Techniques adopted in the conduct of extension work. Download extension teaching methods by sharma fl pdf online. It must be one that will ensure full achievement of the set objectives. Agricultural extension is an important tool for rural development, especially in less industrialized counties extension workers play a vital role in educating farmers to produce better crops and more productive animals at lower cost. Identify the extension teaching methods used among farmers 3. This are all plan made to help learners to access the information.
To enable students understand communication and education as essential dimensions of extension work and build their capacity to facilitate extension teaching learning events in different extension situations specific objectives. This information will enable you to make a more informed decision about what stategies to use. A three stage approach1 brian myers and linda jones2 1. It is available in most publicspeaking and teaching environments. Recitation oral questions by teacher answered orally by students. Full text of extension teaching methods and other factors that influence adoption of agricultural and home economics practices see other formats. A specific subject or topic is delivered as an article or report in the seminar. Learning is the process by which an individual, through.
This list of resources are intended to help you be more effective in planning, conducting, and evaluating your presentations. The extension teaching methods and aids, are great importance in agricultural extension work, they are the channels and tools used in clarifying the ideas and new agricultural technologies, as. Extension agents and specialists use a variety of methods for teaching content and processes that enhance farmer learning and adoption of new practices. Since rural farmers usually do not ask for information or may not be aware that they have sufficient resources to take up fish farming, the initial approach to the community had to be active see also section 3.
Effective use of field trips in educational programming. This is a difficult question because these terms are synonymous in the english language. In the absence of such published material and organized training programs on the subject, this. Extension has its roots in research in the physical sciences, but the method of sharing this information. The extension teaching methods and aids, are great importance in agricultural extension work, they are the channels and tools used in clarifying the ideas and new agricultural technologies, as well as transferring. And it is the use of good teaching methods that will most help the learners to learn. Farmers perception of agricultural extension agents.
Full text of extension teaching methods and other factors. The article and its concepts submitted in the seminar are analyzed and discussed through group discussion to arrive a. Extension teaching methods extension teaching methods etms may be defined as the devices used to create situations in which meaningful communication can take place between the instructor and the learners. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Objectives subject matter the expected outcome of the lesson also dictates the strategy to be used. Farmers perception of agricultural extension agents characteristics as factors for. Knowledge area classification system for research, education, and extension version 1. Extension teaching methods may be defined as the devices used to create situations in which communication can take place between the instructor and the learner or teacher and student or extension worker and the rural people etc.
In the previous chapter, the mass communication methods that the extension agent can employ in his work with farmers were. In teaching and educational research, they do tend to have a different meaning but often mixed up when being discussed. Pdf active learning and teaching methods for key stages 1 and 2. Indeed, the best form of extension teaching is one when the learners are learning on their own. Levels of use and importance of extension methods and aids. If we are to choose a method or more than one method when we teach, this means that we must prepare our lessons. Perceptions regarding the selected teaching and learning principles 79 perceptions of the extent of use of the selected teaching strategies 80 perceptions of the effectiveness of the selected teaching methods and tools 82 a model to guide selection of teaching and learning strategies 83 chapter vi.
A reference manual for extension agents was compiled as one of the need based activities identified and agreed upon in the pdm of asap. The chalkboard allows unlimited flexibility and spontaneous modification. It is important that teachers learn to use a variety of teaching methodologies in order to cater for the range of learning needs and requirements that are present within most class environments. Postindependence extension and rural development programmes lesson 6. This article provides a list of different educational methods most commonly used in extension as well as definitions. When the user enters your extensions keyword, the user starts interacting solely with your extension. Introduction to agricultural extension lecture four 4 extension teaching methods thursday 20022014 2. Extension methods have been classified by wilson and gallup 1955 as follows.
Explain the factors which do determine the choice of methods to be used in teaching history my free school tannzania september 14, 2014. There are a host of educational methods available to use in teaching extension educational programs. Active learning and teaching methods 1 active learning and teaching methods rationale the revised curriculum aims to empower our young people to develop their potential as individuals and to make informed and responsible decisions for living and working in the 21st century. When we prepare our lessons and think of methods, we usually think of what we as teachers shall do. The explanation of teaching continuum pdf, 5 pp, 145 kb describes each method, its uses and benefits, and problems and concerns. In the previous topic we discussed about how the conditions of ict infrastructure in rural areas is improving in ethiopia and elsewhere in africa even if it is starting how to exploit the available opportunity for e extension. Pdf active learning and teaching methods for key stage 3. To facilitate farmers decisions whether or not and how to adopt fish farming. This booklet is intended to help individuals teaching in extension programs select teaching methods that are appropriate to the subject of their particular course, the number of students enrolled in the course, its time and duration, and the place in which it is being held. Using visual aids in extension presentations 3 chalkboard. Extension education extension minor should total at least 11 credit hours, internship will fulfill the balance of minor credit hours. Levels of use and importance, extension methods and aids, iraq.
A summary of extension approaches and methods referred to in this report. Classification of extension teaching methods scientific. Extension methods enable you to add methods to existing types without creating a new derived type, recompiling, or otherwise modifying the original type. Within this section a variety of teaching methodologies will be explored and their various advantages and disadvantages outlined. To enable students understand communication and education as essential dimensions of extension work and build their capacity to facilitate extension teachinglearning events in different extension situations specific objectives. Pdf on mar, 2018, radhika kapur and others published extension teaching methods find, read and cite all the research you need on. If we vary our methods, we have learned, we accommodate a wider range of learning styles than if we used one method consistently. The chalkboard is an extremely accessible and popular visual aid. Teaching strategies, their use and effectiveness as perceived.
Ppt extension teaching methods hudu zakaria academia. The involvement of leaders in extension programmes is the one single factor. This is an elaborate and systematic plan of action. The use of teaching methods must have flexibility to be adopted to the members of a community who differ in age, education, economic status, sex and proneness to change etc. An extension workers familiarity with, and skill in the use of the several extension methods will also influence his choice and use of the methods. Stated in general terms, the functions of extension methods are. Extension education theoretical framework extension manual em 0220 with criterion referenced assessment tools for more information on this and other topics visit the university of maryland extension website at. The extension method should be suitable for farmers, the participants.
Teaching methods are the complement of content, just as instruction is the complement of curriculum. Department of agriculture cooperative state research, education, and extension service. Ascertain those methods that are preferred by farmers. The field of extension now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies.
The extension method should be appropriate to the subject, or message. Teaching methods the term teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. By the end of this course students should be able to. Education and facilitation methods for extension 2 rather than educate and deliver researchbased information boyer, 2014. It is, therefore, necessary here to understand what is meant by learning, teaching. Buy extension teaching methods by sharma fl pdf online. In conjunction with the report pacific examples of good extension practice the analyses will be used to inform development of a pacific islands regional extension strategy. For example, there are certain methods that are better suited for teaching new. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Active in the use of teaching methods or approaches. There are several extension methods in use today geared at achieving this goal. Extension teaching methods extension teaching methods etms may be defined as the devices used to create situations in which meaningful communication can take place between the instructor and the. Extension teaching requires specific and clearly defined teaching objectives. Oct 07, 2016 6 adaptability principle in the use of extension teaching methods.
Requires a certain amount of showmanship not possessed by all extension workers. This document is aec373, one of a series of the agricultural education and communication department, ufifas extension. Methods of teaching yearsemester year 1, semester 1 duration hours 48 hours 16 weeks credit value 3 credits prerequisites none course description this course is an introduction to teaching methods used in primary schools. Extension methods comprise the communication techniques between extension workers and target groups. Conducting effective agricultural demonstrations john hancock county agentatlarge, agriculture programs this handbook will serve extension agriculture agents as a guide to developing effective demonstrations. If we think of learning methods instead of teaching methods, we will be able to choose methods which the learners will be able to continue to use between classes, out of class, when we are not present. Teaching methods for extension university of arkansas. Teaching strategies, their use and effectiveness as. Each keystroke is sent to your extension, and you can provide suggestions in. Chapter 4 instructional methods and learning styles. Teaching must be clearly conceived and specifically. Use teaching from exposition to inquiry pdf, 1 p, 25 kb to assure that your teaching includes a variety of strategies. Levels of use and importance of extension methods and aids in.
Extension teaching methods concept extension teaching methods are the devices used to create situations in which communication can take place between the instructor and learner some of the most commonly used methods are given below. Understand the concept of human communication and the communication process. Seminar is a teaching technique for higher learning. According to sequeirs 2012 it is an accepted fact that teachers are usually not. This chapter outlines the main extension methods which can be used and contains some guidance on how to choose appropriate methods for different target groups. One way of determining which method to use for a given program is to examine the purpose of your educational session. Pdf extension teaching methods ezatullah amin academia. Teaching is the different methods and the systematic means of presenting subject matter and learning experiences. Service learning teaching methods connect meaningful community service. Adults enjoy speaking to one another, not just listening to the sound of your voice. Approaches in extension extension approach axinn, 1988 defined as a style of action, embodying the philosophy of an extension system which, by and large determines the direction and naturestyle of the various aspects of that system, such as its structure, leadership, program, methods and techniques, resources, and linkages. Teaching strategies can apply for this and not for that. The new edition continues to present basic principles which can be applied to all situations, but has been revised to take account of the changes that have.
Introduction the extension teaching methods and aids, are great importance in agricultural extension work, they are the channels and tools used in clarifying the ideas and new agricultural technologies, as well as transferring. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages. Classification of extension teaching methods free download as word doc. Different innovative teaching methods are now in use across the globe. Extension teaching methods and other fadors that influence adoption of agricultural and home economics pradices. What is the difference between strategy, method, technique. Extension teaching must accomplish certain kinds of educational changes in relation to the subject matter taught. Extension agents may worry that facilitating a program may lead to learners no longer needing extension s expertise, if the learners feel that the extension agents simply lead them to resources. Sep 14, 2014 teaching strategies is the careful plan of actions to achieve a goal, or the art of developing, or carryout such a scheme. Teaching method is determined by the teachers ability to handle the method and also experience. The extension agent meets the farmer at home or on the farm and discusses issues of mutual interest, giving the farmer both information and advice. Your choice of teaching method depends on what fits you your educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject areas and school mission statement. Selecting extension teaching methods pdf the journal of. Download free sample and get upto 51% off on mrprental.